Intercorrências em preenchimentos estéticos. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Aesthetic procedures, in particular dermal fillers, have become a prevalent practice. As indications and the number of procedures rise, there is also an increase in the number of complications. Thus, within this scenario, the objective of this review was to provide an etiological basis for complications related to filling and structured guidance on treatment. The inclusion criteria were articles published in the last ten years that addressed the proposed theme.  On the basis of these studies we observed that complications may occur early or late and surprisingly some characteristic profiles of these adverse outcomes could be defined for each substance. Patients treated with hyaluronic acid had notably edema, erythema and nodules. In turn, those treated with polylactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate and hydrogel tended to develop granulomas. In this perspective, besides characterizing the main dermal fillers, possible algorithms are expressed to treat adverse effects and complications.  Familiarity with these complications is crucial to achieve better results, minimizing complications, promoting adequate tissue regeneration and anticipating the side effects of each substance.

Keywords: dermal fillers, adverse effects, hyaluronic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, polylactic acid