Physical Exercises in the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Older People: A Narrative Review

Resumen

This study aims to present the effects of physical exercise on chronic pain management in older individuals through a narrative literature review. Given the aging population and the significant impact of chronic pain on quality of life, articles in Portuguese and English were analyzed, without date restrictions, that investigate the relationship between physical exercise and chronic pain treatment in older adults. Studies with unclear results, restricted access to the full text, or a focus on specific conditions not applicable to the older population were excluded. The search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as “physical exercise,” “chronic pain,” “elderly,” and “treatment.” The analysis of the studies revealed that aerobic and resistance exercises and mind-body practices such as Pilates and Tai Chi effectively reduce pain intensity and improve functionality and quality of life in older individuals. Aerobic and resistance exercises, when performed at moderate intensity and with a frequency of two to three times per week, promote more excellent stability, increased muscle strength, and reduced depressive symptoms. Mind-body practices, in addition to alleviating pain, also enhance balance and self-confidence. The findings reinforce that when prescribed in an individualized and adapted manner, physical exercise is an effective and safe intervention for managing chronic pain in the older adult, contributing to a more active and functional aging process.