RISK OF CONTAMINATION BY CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS, PATHOGENECITY AND CONTROL

Abstract

Clostridium difficile is a strict anaerobe Gram-positive bacillus, toxin producer that damage the gut wall, capable of forming spores, which facilitates the transmission and aids in its survival. The diseases associated with it vary from asymptomatic colonization to pseudomembranous colitis, which may lead to toxic megacolon, bowel perforation and death. Infection by this microorganism is mainly nosocomial origin and most often occurs as a consequence of antibiotic therapy due to the disruption of endogenous gut flora. The disease prolongs hospitalization of affected patients, increases the rates of morbidity and mortality, in addition increases costs due to the care of associated infection. The aim of this study was to present a review of the literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms, hospital transmission and control of Clostridium difficile. It was concluded that the implementation of preventive measures by healthcare facilities, such as restricted use of antibiotics, early diagnosis and isolation of infected patients, adequate disinfection of the environment and equipment and continuing education of health care personnel in relation of pathogenecity, transmission and control of this bacteria and the correct handwashing by these professionals may help in controlling the transmission of this pathogen.