Exercise-Based Interventions for Older Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

Despite the growing number of older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) worldwide, this group often remains underserved in health promotion strategies, particularly regarding physical activity. To discuss the benefits of physical exercise for older adults with intellectual disabilities ID. This review is based on a theoretical, descriptive, and reflective analysis of the available literature. The findings highlight that regular physical exercise, especially when adapted, significantly improves muscle strength, balance, flexibility, functional capacity, and overall quality of life. Beyond physical benefits, exercise has a positive impact on mental health by reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social isolation. It also supports developing and preserving cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and decision-making. However, the lack of specific public policies, limited availability of qualified professionals, and insufficient inclusive environments remain significant barriers to participation in exercise programs. The study concludes that physical exercise is essential for promoting healthy and active aging in older adults with ID. Therefore, developing strategies that expand access to safe, inclusive, and professionally guided physical activity programs for this population is crucial.